{"id":1458,"date":"2025-02-11T03:13:40","date_gmt":"2025-02-11T03:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bookhoundediting.com\/?p=1458"},"modified":"2025-02-11T03:13:44","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T03:13:44","slug":"commas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bookhoundediting.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/11\/commas\/","title":{"rendered":"Commas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Commas are one of the most used (and misused) punctuation marks. Instead of falling into the trap of thinking you should insert a comma at each natural pause in a sentence, use this as a quick reference guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Independent Clauses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor, yet, so) that joins two independent clauses in a compound sentence. (An exception can be made if the clauses are very short.) Just be sure the conjunction is joining two clauses. Do not place a comma between the elements of a compound verb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Sunlight glittered on the lake, and birds chirped in the trees.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Sunlight glittered on the lake and forced me to wear sunglasses.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coordinate Adjectives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma between coordinate adjectives (two or more adjectives each separately modifying the same noun). You can tell adjectives are coordinate if they can be joined by \u201cand\u201d and placed in a different order. Do not place a comma between cumulative adjectives (adjectives that have to be placed in a certain order to make sense).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>A meticulous, thorough editor is essential to producing professional content.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>She wore the long red dress.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Series<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma to separate three or more words or phrases in a series. If you are using <em>The Chicago Manual of Style<\/em>, place a comma before the last item in the series. If you are following <em>The AP Stylebook<\/em>, skip it, unless the meaning would be ambiguous without it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tom, Bill, and Suzy greeted me warmly.<\/em> (Chicago style)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tom, Bill and Suzy greeted my warmly.<\/em> (AP style)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dialogue Tags<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma to separate speech from dialogue tags. However, if the quotation needs a question mark or exclamation point, do not use a comma. Also, skip the comma if what is inside the quotation marks flows grammatically with the sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>She said, \u201cDon\u2019t touch that stove!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cDon\u2019t touch that stove!\u201d she said.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>She said the stove was \u201cvery hot.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Locations and Dates<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma to set off geographical locations and dates (when the month, day, and year are used).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>She was born January 15, 1972, in New Berlin, Wisconsin, on a cold, snowy day.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introductory Words and Phrases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma to set off a word or phrase that introduces a sentence, particularly an interjection, an introductory participial phrase, a transitional word, or a dependent clause that precedes the main clause (but not one that follows it).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Oh, I hope I am not late.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Running as fast as she could, she burst into the room.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Indeed, she was late.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Because my alarm clock did not go off, I was late to class.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>I was late to class because my alarm clock did not go off.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nonrestrictive Information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma to set off a word or phrase that is nonrestrictive; that is, it can be left out of the sentence without changing the meaning, particularly a parenthetical element or an appositive (that renames a noun).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The dog, who hates cats, spent his day barking up a tree.<\/em> (Extra information)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>She spoke to her mom, Clarice, on the phone.<\/em> (She only has one mom. The name is an appositive that gives additional information not essential to the meaning of the sentence.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The dog who lives in that yard spent his day barking up a tree.<\/em> (Restrictive and essential to identifying which dog)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>She spoke to her sister Julie on the phone.<\/em> (She has more than one sister, so the name is restrictive and essential to clarifying which sister she called.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clarity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma to separate two words that might be unclear when read together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>What the problem is, is not clear.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Direct Address<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use a comma to set off a direct address.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>I will be home late, Dad.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many questions about commas can be cleared up by deciding whether the word or phrase is restrictive or nonrestrictive. When in doubt, consult a style guide (or your friendly neighborhood copy editor).\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/home.html\">The Chicago Manual of Style<\/a><\/em>\u00a0has helpful sections on punctuation and addresses a few rarer issues I did not discuss here. As always, the goal is ease of reading, so keep the reader in mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related Posts:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bookhoundediting.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/22\/hyphenation-and-compound-words\/\">Hyphenation and Compound Words<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bookhoundediting.com\/index.php\/2023\/09\/04\/dialogue-mechanics\/\">Fiction Dialogue Mechanics<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bookhoundediting.com\/index.php\/2021\/07\/28\/commonly-misused-words\/\">Commonly Misused Words<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Commas are one of the most used (and misused) punctuation marks. Instead of falling into the trap of thinking you should insert a comma at each natural pause in a sentence, use this as a quick reference guide. Independent Clauses Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor, yet, so) that&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bookhoundediting.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/11\/commas\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Commas<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":770,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[59,55,62,56],"class_list":["post-1458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-editing","tag-mechanics","tag-punctuation","tag-writing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Commas - Bookhound Editing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Commas are one of the most used (and misused) punctuation marks. 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